Thuparamaya – The First Buddhist Stupa in Sri Lanka
Introduction
Thuparamaya is one of the most sacred and historically significant Buddhist sites in Sri Lanka. Located in the ancient city of Anuradhapura, Thuparamaya is widely recognized as the first stupa (dagoba) built in Sri Lanka following the introduction of Buddhism to the island.
Constructed in the 3rd century BCE, this revered monument houses the right collarbone relic of the Buddha, making it an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists around the world.
Surrounded by a circular arrangement of stone pillars and ancient ruins, Thuparamaya represents the beginning of Sri Lanka’s long-standing Buddhist architectural tradition.
Quick Visitor Information
Location: Anuradhapura
Built: 3rd century BCE
Constructed by: King Devanampiya Tissa
Attraction Type: Religious, Cultural, Archaeological
Best Time to Visit: Morning or evening
Visit Duration: 30–60 minutes
Historical Background
Thuparamaya was built during the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa, one of the earliest Buddhist kings of Sri Lanka.
The construction of the stupa followed the arrival of Buddhism to the island, introduced by Arahat Mahinda, the son of Indian Emperor Ashoka.
Key Historical Significance
• first Buddhist monument built in Sri Lanka
• marks the formal establishment of Buddhism on the island
• houses a sacred relic of the Buddha
• symbolizes the beginning of Buddhist civilization in Sri Lanka
Thuparamaya is therefore not just an architectural structure, but a foundation of Sri Lanka’s religious identity.
The Sacred Relic
One of the most important aspects of Thuparamaya is the relic enshrined within it.
The stupa is believed to contain the right collarbone of the Buddha, making it one of the earliest relic stupas in Sri Lanka.
Importance of Relics in Buddhism
• represent the physical presence of the Buddha
• serve as objects of veneration
• strengthen faith and devotion among followers
Because of this relic, Thuparamaya continues to attract pilgrims who come to offer prayers and pay their respects.
Architectural Design
Thuparamaya is unique in its design compared to later stupas.
Key Features
• bell-shaped white dome (modern reconstruction)
• circular platform surrounding the stupa
• stone pillars arranged in concentric circles
• ancient stone carvings and remains
The stone pillars, known as “Vatadage pillars,” are believed to have once supported a protective wooden roof structure around the stupa.
The Vatadage Structure
One of the most distinctive aspects of Thuparamaya is the presence of the circular arrangement of stone pillars.
Characteristics
• evenly spaced granite columns
• arranged in concentric rings
• likely supported a roof to protect the stupa
This design is considered one of the earliest examples of the Vatadage architectural style, which later evolved into more complex structures in Sri Lanka.
Religious Significance
Thuparamaya remains an active and deeply revered religious site.
Devotees visit the stupa to:
• offer flowers and incense
• perform religious rituals
• meditate and reflect
• seek blessings
The site plays an important role in Buddhist practices, especially during religious festivals.
Cultural Importance
Thuparamaya is not only a religious monument but also a symbol of Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage.
It represents:
• the introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka
• the development of early Buddhist architecture
• the continuity of religious traditions over centuries
As one of the oldest stupas in the country, it holds immense historical value.
Visitor Experience
A visit to Thuparamaya offers a calm and spiritual experience.
Visitors can:
• walk around the stupa (circumambulation)
• observe ancient architectural elements
• experience a peaceful and sacred environment
• learn about early Buddhist history
Unlike some larger sites, Thuparamaya offers a more intimate and reflective atmosphere.
Best Time to Visit
The stupa can be visited year-round.
Recommended Times
• early morning – quiet and cooler
• evening – peaceful with devotional atmosphere
Ideal Months
January
February
March
April
July
August
September
How to Get There
Thuparamaya is located within the Anuradhapura sacred city.
By Bicycle
A popular way to explore nearby sites.
By Tuk-Tuk
Convenient and widely available.
By Car
Suitable for families and groups.
Travel Tips
Dress modestly (cover shoulders and knees).
Remove shoes before entering sacred areas.
Walk clockwise around the stupa as a sign of respect.
Avoid loud behavior.
Carry water due to warm weather.
Why Visit Thuparamaya
Thuparamaya is one of the most important historical and religious landmarks in Sri Lanka.
Key Reasons to Visit
• first stupa built in Sri Lanka
• houses a sacred relic of the Buddha
• unique early architectural design
• peaceful spiritual environment
For anyone exploring Anuradhapura, Thuparamaya is an essential stop that connects history, religion, and culture.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Thuparamaya famous for?
It is the first stupa built in Sri Lanka and houses a sacred relic of the Buddha.
Who built Thuparamaya?
King Devanampiya Tissa in the 3rd century BCE.
Is it still a religious site?
Yes, it remains an active place of worship.
How long should you spend there?
About 30–60 minutes.